Hi Svee,
The Difference between Visualforce and Lightning are as follows:
1. Visualforce is a robust, mature platform for building page-centric apps. It is build only for Desktop purpose whereas Lightning components are for developing dynamic web applications for desktop and mobile devices.
2. Visualforce processes markup tags on the Salesforce server whereas Lightning Components process markup on the client.
3. In Visualforce, Apex code is used to handle server-side operation whereas, in Lightning, javascript is used to handle client-side server and Apex for Server-side process.
4. Visualforce supports Rendering pages as PDF whereas Lightning Components don’t support rendering as PDF output yet.
Thanks