Is it possible to add the mini page layout popup to a list column?

I would use Javascript, jQuery, and qTip.

You can place whatever you want in the qTip, depending on the requirements I would display the table your talking about in the qTip.

If it's a more complex Visualforce page, you might want to use an iFrame.

It's kind of hard to tell exactly what you want to display based on your code.

You might have to build a custom VF page to display this. If your working with the related list display on a standard object page, you can't inject javascript in the same way.